1 Chronicles 12:15

Authorized King James Version

These are they that went over Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all his banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֵ֣לֶּה
these or those
#2
הֵ֗ם
they (only used when emphatic)
#3
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#4
עָֽבְר֤וּ
These are they that went over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#5
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
הַיַּרְדֵּן֙
Jordan
jarden, the principal river of palestine
#7
בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ
month
the new moon; by implication, a month
#8
הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן
in the first
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
#9
וְה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#10
מְמַלֵּ֖א
when it had overflown
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
#11
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#13
גְּדיֹתָ֑יו
a river brink
#14
וַיַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙
and they put to flight
to bolt, i.e., figuratively, to flee suddenly
#15
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#16
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#17
הָ֣עֲמָקִ֔ים
all them of the valleys
a vale (i.e., broad depression)
#18
לַמִּזְרָ֖ח
both toward the east
sunrise, i.e., the east
#19
וְלַֽמַּעֲרָֽב׃
and toward the west
the west (as a region of the evening sun)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Chronicles. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection